Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis: Clinical Evidence & Recovery Timelines
An in-depth exploration of autologous regenerative therapy, cartilage preservation protocols, and post-injection rehabilitation for degenerative joint disease.
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) affects millions globally, leading to chronic joint effusion, cartilage breakdown, and reduced ambulatory range. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking biological intervention that harnesses the body's own growth factors to modulate intra-articular inflammation and promote tissue repair.
Mechanism of Action in Articular Cartilage#
Platelets contain alpha granules rich in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). When injected into the synovial cavity, these bioactive proteins inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulate chondrocyte metabolism.
Patient Selection Criteria
PRP therapy is most effective in Grade I to Grade III Kellgren-Lawrence osteoarthritis. For end-stage bone-on-bone arthritis (Grade IV), multidisciplinary surgical evaluation is recommended.
What to Expect During and After the Procedure#
- 1Venous blood collection (approx. 20–30 ml) in specialized sterile tubes
- 2Centrifugation at calibrated speeds to isolate leukocyte-rich or leukocyte-poor plasma
- 3Ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection into the knee joint capsule under sterile conditions
- 4Post-injection rest for 24–48 hours followed by structured isometric rehabilitation
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